Making Up Missed Fasts

• Is it permissible to fast the remaining seven days of the last Ramadan with the intention of an independent make-up to avoid the related fidyah?
• Is it permissible for a girl who experiences lust and has not completed 50 days of fasting (qada'), to listen to explicit speech from another girl in order to avoid fornication, and to perform her compensatory fasts correctly without invalidating them by seminal discharge?
• What is the ruling regarding a woman who reached puberty at the age of 11 and did not fast Ramadan until she was 18 years old, then she fasted and paid fidya for one month, and now she is unable to fast due to an illness that does not prevent her from fasting Ramadan?
• If someone intended to fast a day of Qada (making up for missed fasts) for Ramadan then broke their fast, are they required to make up two days: one for Ramadan and another for the day they broke their fast? And does the presence of light bleeding and a brownish discharge during ovulation necessitate making up the fast after Ramadan?
• Is one sinful for delaying the treatment of large kidney stones that require traveling abroad for treatment? And what is incumbent upon him in terms of making up (fasts) or expiation if he was unable to fast Ramadan for years due to illness?
• Is it obligatory to make up for the fasting of the past four years, from puberty until the beginning of fasting, and is it permissible to make it up only by fasting on Mondays and Thursdays, or must it be made up quickly?
• Is it obligatory to avail oneself of the concessions for travel (rukhas al-safar) when visiting relatives in Riyadh, and what is the difference between one's homeland (balad al-mawtin) and a place of residence (balad al-istiṭān) concerning travel concessions? Is it necessary to re-fast the missed days (qaḍāʾ) along with offering expiation (kaffārah), or is it sufficient to offer expiation only, and how is the amount of expiation calculated?
• Is it obligatory for my mother to make up for the missed Ramadan fasts, knowing that she did not fast them out of fear of my grandmother, and she is now 60 years old and suffers from a chronic illness, and has performed Hajj several times?
• What is the religious ruling on paying expiation (kaffarah) for unobserved fasts from two past Ramadans? And should it be paid to charitable organizations? And is it obligatory upon the family? And what is its amount?
• What must I do for expiation, and is making up the fasts sufficient, or is expiation obligatory upon me?
• What is incumbent upon one who suffered from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) regarding fasting for years and was unable to make up missed fasts due to hardship and suffering, and decided to make them up after recovering from OCD, which he is currently being treated for? And is he only required to make up the fasts, or both make up the fasts and offer expiation?
• Must one who has reached the age of fifteen make up missed fasts, and what are the consequences if one delays making them up until a later Ramadan according to the Maliki school of thought, and is a shower sufficient for performing ghusl from janabah according to the Maliki school of thought?
• What is the ruling on a woman's fasting and prayer if her menstrual bleeding stopped after using stimulating pills, then she began to suffer from side effects from these pills, and she expected withdrawal bleeding after stopping them?
• Is it permissible to adopt the view that considers the one who abandons prayer an infidel (kafir) in order to avoid making up the days I did not fast, knowing that I mostly fasted but did not pray, and now I follow the opinion of those who do not consider the one who abandons prayer an infidel?
• Is it obligatory for someone who broke their fast in Ramadan of 2012 to make it up, due to their ignorance of the rulings on making up missed fasts?
• What is the ruling regarding making up 60 days from two missed Ramadans due to childbirth and pregnancy, given that there is an excuse for pregnant and breastfeeding women, and is fasting obligatory or is expiation permissible, and what is its amount?
• Is it permissible to make up for istighfar (seeking forgiveness) for past days, whether with the same daily designated number, or more, or less, and what is the ruling on making up for istighfar from old days?
• What is incumbent upon a girl who reached puberty in Ramadan and broke her fast due to menstruation, then did not fast the remaining days out of ignorance, and after years repented but did not make up those days or expiate for them?
• What is the value (cheap or expensive) that must be paid for Zakat al-Fitr and the expiatory payment (fidyah) for delaying the making up of missed Ramadan fasts when paying to charities, and is it permissible to pay the value of cheap rice, or must the value of expensive rice be paid?
• Is it obligatory to make up all fasting days missed due to menstruation before the next Ramadan, or is it permissible to postpone some of them until after Ramadan?
• Is it permissible for a mother to fast on behalf of her sick daughter, who broke her fast last Ramadan and whose illness continues until this Ramadan?
• Does Allah accept the sincere repentance and good intention of a woman who has sinned much, then repented, and decided to correct her mistakes, such as covering her 'awrah, cutting off unlawful relationships, maintaining kinship ties, and making up for missed fasts, even if she dies before completing some of these deeds, but she was determined to do them?
• What is the benefit of inviting the common people and the disbelievers if they are excused for their ignorance? And is a person excused for their ignorance in general, or with conditions?
• Is it permissible to combine the intention of making up for the fasting on behalf of the deceased with the reward of the fasting being for both me and her?