Is it permissible for a non-Muslim to touch books of Islamic knowledge and others, and is it permissible to sell them to him and give them to him as a gift, and what is the ruling on that if he does not intend to embrace Islam?

It is not permissible to allow a non-believer access to books of Islamic knowledge and remembrance for fear of them desecrating them. As for the Mus'haf (Qur'an), it is absolutely impermissible to allow them access to it, except for writing one or two verses. Al-Baji mentioned in his commentary on Al-Muwatta' that the Mus'haf should not be sent to a non-believer because they are impure (junub) and are not permitted to touch the Mus'haf. Similarly, their children should not be taught the Qur'an. Al-Kharashi pointed to the prohibition of traveling with books of Hadith that contain many verses. Al-Haskafi forbade taking anything that must be revered, such as the Mus'haf and books of Fiqh and Hadith, into enemy territory unless it is with an army that can protect it. Scholars have agreed on the impermissibility of traveling with the Mus'haf to the land of disbelievers if there is fear of it falling into their hands. However, it is permissible to write one or two verses in letters to them. The reason for the prohibition is the fear of desecration. If it is certain that there will be no desecration, then it is permissible to allow a non-believer access to books of Islamic knowledge. As for the Qur'an, it is not permissible to allow them access to it even if desecration is certain, because a non-believer is in a state of major ritual impurity (junub).