Has the narration of the Prophet's ﷺ sorcery been abrogated and that sorcery has ceased, and how does Allah allow a Jew to cast sorcery upon His Prophet?

Magic is real and has an effect by Allah's permission. The Prophet, peace be upon him, was afflicted by illusionary magic. The fact that the Jews were able to cast magic on him does not indicate his degradation, but rather serves several purposes: that he is a human being afflicted by what afflicts humans, his trials and tests, and the gradual entrapment of the enemies of Allah. If this were a deficiency, then it would necessitate a deficiency from the empowerment of disbelievers and Jews over the prophets and their killing of some of them.