What is the ruling on accusing a person of not controlling his tongue? And is it obligatory to inform him of what was said about him and who said it? And what are the consequences of accusing a person of something he perhaps did not say, without informing him? And what are the Islamic rulings related to this matter to stop slander, calumny, and backbiting?

A Muslim must guard his tongue from what is forbidden, such as backbiting, calumny, and tale-bearing. Backbiting is mentioning a Muslim with what he dislikes. Calumny is mentioning a Muslim with what is not in him. Tale-bearing is conveying speech to cause discord among people. Many Quranic and prophetic texts have been revealed prohibiting these, among them the Almighty's saying: ﴿And do not backbite one another. Would one of you like to eat the flesh of his brother when dead? You would abhor it.﴾ And the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "If what you say is true of him, then you have backbited him, and if it is not true of him, then you have calumniated him." And "As for one of them, he used to walk with tale-bearing." The statement "He cannot control his tongue" is backbiting if true, and calumny if not true. Whoever falls into this must repent and seek forgiveness. If the words reached the wronged person, he must seek his forgiveness. If he did not know about it, he should seek forgiveness for him, supplicate for him, and praise him. If he fears increasing enmity, he should suffice with supplication, praise, and seeking forgiveness. So, whoever has wronged his brother should seek his forgiveness today before there are no dinars or dirhams. It was said: The expiation for backbiting is to seek forgiveness for the one you backbit.