Exemptions and Excuses

• What is the ruling on aborting a live fetus—in the sixth month of pregnancy—based on doctors' recommendations that it has severe deformities that could lead to its death during pregnancy or childbirth? And is the mother held accountable [in Islamic law] if she refuses the abortion and disobeys her husband's order?
• What is the expiation for delaying the making up of Ramadan days for two consecutive years due to pregnancy and breastfeeding, with the onset of another pregnancy that prevents fasting?
• Should one continue to break the fast due to severe anemia and knee pain, or try to fast, given that the doctor advised against fasting, and taking medication conflicts with fasting times in the country of residence?
• Does introducing water into the anus while fasting for hemorrhoid patients invalidate the fast in Ramadan, and what is the solution for someone compelled to do so?
• Is it permissible for an ordinary person to assess the excuses that allow one to miss congregational prayers, to rule on the permissibility of sharing intentions for intertwined acts of worship, and to apply rulings to issues based on the conditions and guidelines of scholars by himself, or is he obligated to ask people of knowledge regarding all of this?
• What is the expiation for someone who caused his wife to miscarry her fetus without his knowledge of her pregnancy, and he is unable to fast for two consecutive months due to his old age and illness?
• What is the ruling on a sick mother breaking her fast due to kidney stones, and a brother who was unable to fast due to the intense heat and exam pressure, while they are traveling to a distant town?
• Is the verse of the fidyah in Allah's Almighty saying, "And upon those who are able to it [but with difficulty] - a ransom [as substitute] of feeding a poor person" abrogated?
• Is it obligatory for one who missed two consecutive Ramadans due to a legitimate Shar'i excuse (breastfeeding and pregnancy with hardship) to make up for two months of Ramadan with expiation, or is expiation only required?
• Is it obligatory to abstain from eating for the rest of the day after reaching one's hometown in Ramadan if a traveler broke their fast due to a legitimate excuse like travel and taking medication, even though fasting does not affect their body?
• What should a young man do who suffers from a weak heart and poor financial circumstances, while experiencing intense desire and wishing to avoid the forbidden?
• Are there verses that have been abrogated from the Qur’an and replaced with other verses? And is there a book that discusses the order of verses and surahs, and whether their arrangement was from the Companions, or the Messenger, or Allah, and about the names of the surahs?
• Do you not agree that Allah Almighty's saying: "And whoever is ill or on a journey, then [he must make up] an equal number of other days" came unrestricted, and that the sick person has the concession to break their fast, just like the traveler, without being restricted by a doctor's recommendation, as a mercy from Allah and a removal of hardship?
• Does the marriage contract become void due to the wife practicing sorcery or concealing her illness, and what are the implications of that if the husband has already consummated the marriage with her?
• Is expiation required of both spouses, or only one of them, due to sexual intercourse that occurred while they were traveling and fasting in Ramadan, even though they intended to complete the fast despite the hardship?
• Is it permissible to pay a financial expiation instead of fasting for two months, which is required for unintentional killing, given that I suffer from a duodenal ulcer?
• What is the expiation for adultery after divorce and incitement to abortion, and are blood money and fasting obligatory?
• Am I sinful if I drink water after Fajr prayer due to extreme thirst, dry throat, and inability to sleep?
• Is it permissible for an elderly woman suffering from a chronic stomach ulcer to offer fidyah for two months that she missed fasting in the past due to pregnancy and breastfeeding out of ignorance, and what is the amount of this fidyah if permissible?
• Is it permissible for someone who cannot bear fasting due to extreme thinness, which increases with fasting and causes fatigue and health symptoms, to break their fast?
• What is the expiation for one who vowed to fast for three days, complete a reading of the Quran, and slaughter a sheep to be distributed among the poor, but then became unable to fulfill the vow due to work circumstances and financial hardship?
• What is the religious duty towards a sister who has been married (contracted) and it became apparent that her husband had consummated the marriage with her without her family's knowledge, taking into consideration the potential family problems that might result from disclosing this?
• Is the fast valid if one intends to break it due to illness or fatigue, and is it permissible to continue fasting while ill, and what is the ruling on the days that were fasted with this intention?
• Is it permissible to sterilize or agree not to procreate for fear of children contracting a mental illness?