Is the wife obligated to offer expiation along with making up for missed Ramadan fasts due to pregnancy, or is making them up sufficient, and when should expiation be offered along with making them up?

Previously, the preponderant opinion was that if a pregnant woman breaks her fast solely out of fear for her fetus, she must make up the fast (qada') and pay expiation (fidyah). However, if she breaks her fast solely out of fear for herself, or out of fear for both herself and her fetus, she only needs to make up the fast (qada'). It is permissible to pay the expiation (kaffarah) along with the makeup fast, or before it, or after it. Expiation (kaffarah) is also obligatory, along with making up the fast (qada'), for a breastfeeding woman, for someone who intentionally engages in intercourse during a Ramadan day (a severe expiation), and for someone who has not made up their Ramadan fasts until the next Ramadan enters, despite being able to make them up.