How can one compensate for years of neglecting worship, attain God's love and pleasure, atone for misdeeds, and overcome the fear of death without sufficient provisions, after years of heedlessness and ignorance in matters of religion?

Your fear of death and what comes after it, and your fear of Allah, is commendable, provided it does not prevent you from worship and obedience. Rather, it should motivate you to strive diligently in them, while also combining hope and good expectations of Allah. Scholars have differed regarding making up missed prayers, and the more cautious opinion is to make them up, as explained in Fatwa no. 72777. As for fasting, it is obligatory to make it up. We advise you to strive diligently in obedience, to remember Allah frequently, to associate with good people, and to supplicate for steadfastness and good expectations of Allah, and to recall His mercy and generosity to alleviate your anxiety.