How can one deal with and respond to the شبهات (specious arguments/misconceptions) of innovators, especially the bidعة (innovation) of believing in the createdness of the Qur'an, mentioning references from the books of the people of knowledge?

To refute the heresy of the creation of the Quran, one should firmly establish the Sunnah and base knowledge on a sound methodology derived from the Quran and Sunnah.

Ten pieces of evidence can be presented to prove that the Holy Quran is the uncreated word of Allah: 1. The verse: (Indeed, His is the creation and the command), which differentiates between creation (khalq) and command (amr). Creation is His act, and command is His word. If the command were created, its creation would require another command, which is absurd. 2. The verse: (The Most Merciful. Taught the Quran. Created man), which differentiates between Allah's knowledge and His creation. The Quran is His knowledge, and His knowledge, exalted be He, is uncreated. 3. The two verses: (Say, "If the sea were ink for the words of my Lord, the sea would surely be used up") and (And if all the trees on earth were pens and the sea, with seven more seas added to it, were ink, the words of Allah would not be exhausted). Allah's words are limitless; if they were created, they would perish like all created things. 4. The Beautiful Names of Allah in the Quran are from His speech and are uncreated. If they were created, swearing by them would be polytheism (shirk). 5. The Quran is sent down from Allah and attributed to Him (The sending down of the Book, about which there is no doubt, is from the Lord of the worlds). Speech is an attribute of the one who possesses it. Thus, Allah's speech is an uncreated attribute of Him. 6. The hadith of seeking refuge in Allah's perfect words: (I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah from the evil of what He created). If they were created, seeking refuge in them would be polytheism. 7. The hadith: "The superiority of Allah's speech over all other speech is like the superiority of Allah over all His creation." This differentiates between Allah's speech and creation, placing His speech on the same level as His essence, which is uncreated. 8. Logical reasoning: If Allah's speech were created, it would either subsist in Allah's essence (which is false) or be separate from Him (which would necessitate denying the attribute of speech to Allah). 9. Attributes are dependent on the one they describe. If the attribute of speech is attributed to the Creator, it is uncreated, like His essence. If it is attributed to a created being, then it is created. 10. The consensus of the Salaf (early Muslims): Imam al-Lalaka'i quoted over five hundred and fifty scholars from the Tabi'un and Imams as stating that the Quran is the uncreated word of Allah, and whoever says it is created is a disbeliever.