Why do Prophetic Hadiths refer to men in the context of great rewards (such as the Hadith of the seven whom Allah will shade with His shade, and the Hadith of the Fajr prayer in congregation), suggesting that a man's opportunities to draw near to Allah and earn rewards are greater than a woman's?

The Hadith about the seven types of people whom Allah will shade does not exclusively apply to men; rather, it includes women, except in the case of the greatest Imamate (leadership) and constant presence in the mosque, as their prayers at home are better. Similarly, the Hadith: "Whoever prays Fajr in congregation, he is under the protection of Allah" does not exclusively apply to men, for it is permissible for women to pray in congregation in the mosque, subject to Islamic guidelines. The statement that men have more opportunities to draw closer to Allah and earn rewards is incorrect, as the means of earning rewards and Allah's pleasure are equally available to both men and women, as stated in His saying: "Indeed, Muslim men and Muslim women, believing men and believing women..." (Al-Ahzab: 35), and His saying: "So their Lord responded to them, 'Indeed, I will not allow to be lost the work of [any] worker among you, whether male or or female'" (Al Imran: 195).