Why is it necessary to enter into a state of Ihram for Umrah from Al-Taneem after Hajj, even though the person performing Tamattu' enters into Ihram for Hajj from Makkah? And is Makkah alone a sanctuary (haram), or is Medina also a sanctuary?

Those residing in Mecca or staying there for Hajj enter into ihram from Mecca itself. As for a resident of Mecca who intends to perform Umrah, they must go out to the nearest point in the hill (area outside the Haram), like Tan'im, based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) command to Aisha to go there to enter into ihram for Umrah. This clarifies the difference between Hajj and Umrah. Therefore, the opinion that the people of Mecca enter into ihram for Umrah from Mecca is weak, as it contradicts Aisha's hadith and the fact that Umrah is a visit that necessitates combining the hill and the Haram. As for Medina, it is a haram, and the miqat for its people is Dhul-Hulayfah. Entering into ihram from there is superior, although if a Medinan enters into ihram from Medina, it is sufficient according to the majority of scholars.