Is there a Qur’anic verse that prefers the Messenger over other prophets?

First, the pure Sharia's proofs are the Quran and the Sunnah, not the Sunnah alone. Some of Allah's rulings may be found in the Sunnah but not in the Quran, and some may be found in the Quran but not in the Sunnah. Furthermore, rulings in the Holy Quran may be general, absolute, or summarized, while the Sunnah provides restriction, specification, and clarification. There is not a single verse in Allah's Book that calls for taking what is in it while disregarding what comes in the Sunnah.

Second, the preference of some prophets over others, peace be upon them, is explicitly stated in both the Quran and the Sunnah.

Third, there is no disagreement among scholars regarding the preference of our Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, over all his brethren, the prophets, peace be upon them. Among the reasons for this are: he will have the Praised Station on the Day of Judgment, he was given comprehensive words, he was aided by terror, spoils of war were made lawful for him, the earth was made a mosque and a purifying agent for him, prophets were sealed with him, he has the intercession, he will be the first of the messengers to cross the Sirat (bridge), the first whose grave will split open, the first intercessor, and the first whose intercession will be accepted. Allah has forgiven all his sins, and he was called to prophethood and messengership, unlike other prophets. And Allah commanded His Prophet to follow the guidance of the prophets.