Water and Its Rulings

• What is the ruling on frequent sprinkling of water when one feels madhy, and is it necessary to verify its presence?
• How can one ensure that water reaches the skin during ablution when using exfoliators and moisturizers for the feet, and is there a way to distinguish between creams and moisturizers that permit ablution in their presence?
• What is the ruling on washing one's feet with the ablution water collected in a container?
• Is there a sin incurred by one who performed ablution (wudu') without rinsing the mouth (madmadah), sniffing water into the nose (istinshaq), or wiping the ears, and began by washing the hands before the face, due to ignorance of the correct order, because of water قطع and limiting ablution to obligatory prayers?
• Does dirt under the fingernails or dust on the feet invalidate wudu', and what is the stronger opinion regarding a small amount of dirt versus a large amount, and is it permissible to wash the feet twice during wudu'?
• Are cars, planes, and the like considered "dabah" (creatures/beasts) despite Allah Almighty's saying: "And Allah created every 'dabah' from water"?
• How can the requirement of four witnesses for adultery be applied in this age, given our knowledge that Islam is eager for concealment? And does this condition remain logical and valid for application in real-life cases similar to the example of entering water?
• What is the ruling regarding someone whose bed and covers have become ritually impure due to dryness, and who experiences urine dripping for half an hour after urinating? Is it sufficient for him to perform istinja’ for the urine dripping instead of re-purifying [his clothes/body]? And why must a person afflicted with سلس (urinary incontinence) perform wudu’ for every prayer? And is it permissible to perform tayammum instead of ghusl?
• What are the rulings regarding purification, prayer, humility (khushu'), and congregational prayer due to health problems, which include: difficulty completing istinja' (washing after defecation or urination), extension of the penis during urination, obsessive doubts (waswas) in ablution (wudu') and wiping the head, obsessive doubts of ostentation (riya') in intention, difficulty pronouncing words during prayer, moving the feet during prostration, passing gas during recitation, and chronic headaches?
• Does a woman emit madhy (pre-seminal fluid)? If so, is what exits from her ritually impure, necessitating istinja' (washing the private parts) and nadeh (sprinkling water) from it, as is the case for a man, despite the difference in the exit point of the madhy? And can a woman's discharges be pure and at the same time invalidate ablution?
• What should I do about a viscous, transparent fluid that sometimes emerges after urination, and I don't know whether it is madhiy or maniy? And in both cases, is ghusl obligatory upon me or not, bearing in mind that I do not find any trace of it on my underwear? And can madhiy be discharged during sleep?
• What is the ruling on doubt regarding the the removal of impurity or the existence of a barrier preventing water from reaching the hands, when an individual suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder (waswas) washes their hands?
• Is a canal's share of water calculated from its mouth or from its water source?
• What is the ruling on someone who is afflicted with obsessive whispers (waswas) regarding the intention for prayer, such that he changes his intention to a supererogatory (nafilah) prayer, then concludes it and prays the obligatory (fard) prayer? Is it permissible for him to make the intention with his heart and disregard these whispers? Is ablution valid by wiping the head with water and then the ears with different water? Does ablution become invalid by washing the hands after wiping the ears from any residues that came out of them and before washing the feet? And what is meant by transgression (al-ta'addi) in ablution?
• What is the ruling on prayers from past years, given the lack of knowledge concerning the rulings on purification from fluids emitted from the private parts, such as semen (mani) and pre-seminal fluid (madhi)? And is it permissible to adopt Ibn Taymiyyah's view that there is no need for making up (qada') in cases of ignorance?
• Does water become ritually impure, thus preventing its use for purification, if its color or taste changes due to rust from the pipes through which it passes?
• Are my prayers valid, given the presence of adhesive residue on my arm after performing ablution, and my fear that it may have prevented water from reaching the skin?
• What are the rulings regarding purification (tahara) and prayer (salat) for the aforementioned condition of prostate congestion and its resulting discharge of prostatic fluid (madhi) and drops of urine? Is it permissible to tie a cloth to prevent soiling clothes?
• Is a slight discharge of urine from the urethral opening considered to invalidate ablution, and can one adopt the rulings for urinary incontinence and not be meticulous when feeling urine discharge with the possibility of a slight leak?
• What is the ruling on madhy that is discharged when walking or exerting physical effort? Is it sufficient to perform ablution and sprinkle water, as mentioned in the Sunnah, without the need for istinja' (purification with water) and using protective coverings? And what is the ruling on wady that is discharged after urination, sometimes after periods that may reach ten minutes or more, and leads to delaying prayer, especially in public places?
• Is the act of pouring water seven times over something intended for washing (like clothes or meat), while counting and uttering the two Shahadas, with the intention of purifying it from impurity or dirt, considered a Bid'ah (innovation) that was not authentically reported from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, or the Companions?
• Does the ablution of one who began by washing the nose before the mouth become invalidated?
• What is the difference between Sharia and religion, and what does the dominance of Islam over all previous messages mean?
• What is the ruling on urine splashback reaching the one performing istinja' from the concave toilet bowl of an Arabic-style toilet?