What is the ruling on prayer and fasting when light yellow or brown discharge appears outside of the time of menstruation, knowing that it did not exist until after the blood flow ceased?

Yellowish and brownish discharges are considered menstruation if they occur during the customary period or are continuous with blood. They are not considered menstruation if they occur outside the customary period (whether one has a customary period or not). The majority of scholars hold that yellowish and brownish discharges are menstruation in all cases if a woman sees them during the possible time for menstruation. She is required to perform ghusl (definition) after their cessation and to make up for any missed fasts. As for blood, it is menstruation if seen at a time when it is possible for it to be menstruation.