What is the strong and detailed scientific methodology that can be followed in all Islamic sciences such as Fiqh (jurisprudence), Hadith (prophetic tradition), Tafsir (Qur'anic exegesis), Aqidah (creed), Nahw (Arabic grammar), and others, from the beginning until mastery, derivation, and preference, mentioning the main texts and the best commentaries for each discipline?

Seeking knowledge is an obligation of great virtue, and its foundation is sincerity to Allah.

Begin by memorizing the Holy Qur’an, for it is the origin of all sciences.

Progress in each discipline by starting with a small foundational text, then moving to a broader one. For example, read a text on the orthography (rasm) and ضبط (dabt) of the Qur’an, then "Tuhfat al-Atfal" for its tajwid, and Ibn Taymiyyah’s "Muqaddimat Usul al-Tafsir" for its exegesis.

This is merely an example; methodologies may differ according to locale and the guidance of scholars. The best way to manage this is to accompany a skilled and pious شيخ (sheikh).