Is it permissible to shorten prayers and combine them in advance (noon and afternoon prayers) at an airport 5 km from the city? And is it permissible to shorten prayers and combine them later (sunset and evening prayers) upon arrival at a hotel in Mecca?

It is legislated for the traveler to shorten and combine prayers once he has passed the houses of his village. If the airport is outside the urban area, it is permissible for him to pray Dhuhr and Asr there with جمع تقديم (combining and performing earlier) and shortening. If he intends to stay four days or more in Makkah, his travel status ceases. If he intends to stay less than four days, he remains a traveler and may combine Maghrib and Isha upon his arrival in Makkah. It is preferable for the traveler to pray Isha and the rest of the prayers in congregation in the Grand Mosque.