What are the circumstances in which a woman is permitted to uncover her face?

The general rule is that a woman's face must be covered, but it is permissible to uncover it out of necessity or need. These situations include: 1. Engagement: It is permissible for a suitor to see the face and hands of his fiancée, without seclusion or touching. 2. Transactions: When buying and selling, and similar situations, provided it does not lead to temptation (fitna). 3. Medical Treatment: For a doctor to uncover the affected area in the presence of a mahram, provided there is no Muslim female doctor available, and without exceeding the extent of the necessity. 4. Testimony: A woman may uncover her face for identification when giving or bearing witness. 5. Judiciary: Before a judge, for a ruling in her favor or against her. 6. Discriminating Child (Al-Sabi Al-Mumayyiz): One who has no lust, such as male mahrams. 7. Men Lacking Desire: Men who have no need for women (i.e., no sexual desire). 8. Elderly Woman: One who is not desired, though covering is better for her. 9. Before Non-Muslim Women: The preponderant opinion is that it is permissible to uncover the face before them. 10. Ihram: It is obligatory to uncover the face and hands during Hajj or Umrah, and it is permissible to lower a garment over the face when men pass by. 11. Compulsion: It is permissible to uncover the face out of necessity or extreme fear of harm.

In all these cases, it is forbidden to display adornment with makeup and visible jewelry.