Is it considered an anomaly for a Hadith to contradict something known by necessity to be part of the religion?
A shadhdh (anomalous) hadith is one narrated by a trustworthy person but contradicting a more trustworthy narrator. This anomaly can occur within a single hadith, or across two separate hadiths, or it might stem from another hadith. Also considered anomalous is a hadith that contradicts what is known as a matter of necessity in the religion. Sometimes, scholars apply the terms shudhudh (anomalousness) and nakarah (repudiatedness) to narrations exclusively reported by trustworthy individuals without contradiction. An example is a hadith with an authentic chain of narration but deemed anomalous due to its singularity, like the hadith reported by Al-Hakim and Al-Bayhaqi from Shu'bah, from 'Amr ibn Murrah, from Abu Al-Dhuha, from Ibn 'Abbas. The authenticity of the chain of narration does not necessarily imply the authenticity of the text, as a chain may be authentic while the text contains an anomaly or a defect that prevents its authenticity. The narration in question is anomalous because it contradicts what is definitively established, such as the Prophet's saying, peace and blessings be upon him: "Ask Allah for al-Wasilah for me, for it is a station in Paradise that is only fitting for one servant of Allah, and I hope that I am he." It also contradicts the verses: "Blessed is He who sent down the Criterion upon His servant that he may be to the worlds a warner," and "And We have not sent you, [O Muhammad], except as a mercy to the worlds." According to Al-Hakim and others, shadhdh refers to a narration exclusively reported by a trustworthy narrator without any supporting parallel narration. Trustworthy imams such as Ahmad, Al-Bayhaqi, Ibn Kathir, and Al-Dhahabi have ruled this narration anomalous and weak. Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi even stated: "There is no doubt about the fabrication of this hadith."
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