What is the ruling on one who died and was unable to pray for a month and a half due to severe illness, and is it permissible for his family to pray on his behalf, or is expiation obligatory upon him?

Prayer is a fundamental pillar that is not waived for a sane person. Whoever is unable to stand should pray sitting or lying down, and indicate bowing and prostration with their head, making the prostration lower. If they are unable to indicate with their head, the preponderant opinion is that the actions are waived, but the verbal recitations remain. If they are unable to perform both actions and verbal recitations, all of them are waived, and only the intention remains. If someone misses prayers, no one can perform them on their behalf, and there is no expiation for that. Rather, supplications are made for them, and charity is given on their behalf.