If forty days have passed after postpartum bleeding (nifas), and neither the white discharge (al-qassah al-bayda') nor dryness has been observed, but rather the yellowish discharge continues, must one pray, fast, and engage in intercourse?

The maximum period of nifas (postpartum bleeding) according to the Shafi'i and Maliki schools of thought is sixty days, so yellowish and brownish discharges are considered nifas. As for the Hanbali school, the maximum period of nifas is forty days. Any bleeding, yellowish, or brownish discharge that exceeds forty days is not nifas, but rather istihada (non-menstrual vaginal bleeding). In this case, the woman must perform ghusl (ritual bath), pray, and fast, and she is subject to the rulings for ritually pure women, unless it coincides with her usual menstrual period, in which case it is considered menses.