What is the Aqiqah, what is its ruling, how is it distributed, is it permissible for a person to slaughter it on their own behalf if their family did not slaughter it for them at birth, and is it permissible to slaughter it on behalf of the mother and father after their death?

The Aqiqah (definition) is a confirmed Sunnah (definition). Its time begins on the seventh day of the newborn's life. It is distributed like the Udhiyah (definition): its owner eats from it, feeds neighbors, friends, and relatives, and gives charity from it to the poor and needy. If the family did not perform the Aqiqah for a person, that person should perform it for themselves. There are no narrations about performing it on behalf of a father or mother after their death, but there is no harm in doing so with the intention of charity.