What is the ruling on thoughts and inner whispers that include words touching upon sacred things and the Divine Essence, and that push their owner to strange behaviors and make him avoid listening to or reciting the Qur’an?

The thoughts you mentioned will not harm you nor affect the soundness of your faith, as long as you dislike them and are repelled by them. In fact, your dislike and repulsion of them are clear signs of faith. The cure for these whispers is to struggle against them, not to indulge in them, and to cast them away whenever they present themselves to you. You are on the right path as long as you strive against these whispers and seek to get rid of them, and you will be rewarded for that. Be convinced that these whispers have no effect on your faith, and do not refrain from listening to the Quran and knowledge lessons because of them. Do not abandon prayer or any of the obligatory duties of the religion because of these whispers. Rather, adhere to the rituals of Islam, and strive in remembrance (dhikr) and supplication (du'a) for Allah to avert these whispers from you.