What can be done about the intrusive thoughts that attack the soul, casting doubt on the acceptance of prayers and the soundness of religion, raising questions about Satan's expulsion from Paradise, and causing a burning sensation in the throat and chest, all of this occurring after religious commitment?

Allah has forgiven the whisperings of the self, so long as one does not act upon them or speak them. The dislike of whisperings is a sign of the soundness of faith. The meaning of "that is pure faith" is that considering it great to speak of such things is pure faith, for Satan whispers to those whom he despairs of misleading. To get rid of whisperings, continue on the path of righteousness, seek refuge with Allah from Satan, say "I believe in Allah and His messengers," strive in supplication, trust in Allah, and ask Him for success and assistance. The religion of Allah is the truth, and the establishment of its proofs is clearer than the sun. It is sufficient that the Prophet challenged the Arabs to produce a Surah (definition) like the Quran, and they were unable to do so.