To what extent is it valid to argue against the authority of Qiyas (analogical reasoning) by citing statements attributed to the Prophet (PBUH) and the People of the Household (Ahl al-Bayt)?

The traditions mentioned by the questioner have an unsound chain of narration. The authoritative nature of qiyas (definition) (analogical reasoning) is a matter of dispute, and the preponderant opinion is that it is a valid proof if its conditions are met, and invalid if its conditions are not met, especially when it contradicts a text. It has been reported from the imams that they condemned corrupt qiyas, which is that which contradicts a text or is based on ignorance. Qiyas, with its controls and in its proper place, is a valid legal proof, and out of its proper place, it is invalid and reprehensible.