Is it permissible for an Arab girl to marry a young man without her guardian's knowledge, given the father's prior awareness of the young man's proposal and his excuse of studying, taking into consideration the permissibility of marriage according to the Hanafi school of thought by scholars, followed by the girl's return to her father's house and the young man proposing to her later?

It is not permissible for a woman to arrange her own marriage or that of another woman, based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "A woman may not marry off a woman, nor may she marry herself off," and his saying: "There is no marriage except with a guardian," and his saying: "Any woman who marries without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is invalid, her marriage is invalid, her marriage is invalid."

Therefore, a marriage without the guardian's consent is invalid. If a Sharia judge does not rule on its validity, it is a voidable marriage, and it is obligatory to renew the contract with the father's approval. If the father refuses to marry her off without a legitimate Sharia reason, he is considered an oppressor, and her guardianship transfers to the Muslim judge.

Leaving one's daughter in infidel lands without a mahram or caretaker is a reprehensible act and carries great danger. Fathers must not be negligent in raising and protecting their children. Allah the Almighty says: "O you who have believed, protect yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel is people and stones."