What is the ruling regarding making up the day for one who masturbated after breaking the fast, and is ghusl obligatory for one from whom semen was discharged involuntarily?

Masturbation is forbidden both inside and outside of Ramadan. In Ramadan, its prohibition is more severe. It invalidates the fast and necessitates a make-up fast if it occurs during the day, but it does not invalidate it if it occurs at night. The emission of semen with pleasure necessitates ritual bathing (ghusl), and prayer is not permissible before it, whether it occurs while awake with pleasure or during sleep with or without pleasure. There is a difference of opinion regarding its emission while awake without desire, but it is safer to perform ghusl. As for someone afflicted with seminal incontinence, they should perform ablution (wudu') for each prayer.