Is it permissible for someone who went for the Hajj al-Ifrad and entered Makkah without being in a state of ihram 10 days before the Day of Arafah, to assume ihram from his location in Makkah on the Day of Tarwiyah without offering a fidyah (expiatory sacrifice), or was it obligatory for him to assume ihram from the Miqat or to go out to As-Sail al-Kabir?

One who intends to perform Hajj or Umrah in Mecca must enter into a state of ihram from the Miqat. If someone passes the Miqat without entering ihram, they must return. If they do not return, a compensatory sacrifice (dam) becomes obligatory upon them. Since you passed the Miqat without ihram and entered into ihram from Mecca, you must sacrifice a sheep and distribute its meat to the poor of the Haram, and you must repent and seek forgiveness. If you slaughtered it before the Day of Sacrifice (Yawm al-Nahr), it is considered valid according to the majority of scholars.