Is zakat on wealth to be disbursed in the country where the wealth is located, or in the country of residence of the zakat payer? Is it permissible to appoint someone in the country where the wealth is located to disburse it? Is zakat obligatory on a sum of money designated for the wife's dowry and taken by the wife's father as a loan, and is zakat calculated on it along with the rest of the wealth, or upon its recovery?

I have answered the first question in detail in Fatwa (definition) no. 95523 and its related rulings. The basic principle is that zakat (definition) should be disbursed in the country where the wealth is located, so someone should be appointed to disburse it there. As for money designated for purchasing furniture, zakat becomes obligatory on it if the conditions for its obligation are met. Its zakat is due from the wife's father because he is the owner of the money allocated for purchasing the furniture.