Congregation and Mosque

• Is the Fajr prayer accepted if it is performed at home while consistently observing the other prayers in the mosque?
• Is it permissible to leave a mosque for another to pray if a person who is not proficient in recitation or jurisprudence attempts to lead the prayer, despite the warning of the congregation's imam?
• Is congregational prayer obligatory with one's mother at home if the mosque is far away?
• Is the prayer of a man who intends to pray Asr behind someone praying a supererogatory prayer valid, taking into account that he intended to pray Asr while in doubt, and is it permissible to consider his prayer supererogatory if it is not an obligatory congregational prayer?
• What is meant by the Hadith: "If the prayer is established, then there is no prayer except the prescribed (Maktubah) one"? Is it specific to the time of prayer beginning, or to someone who comes to the mosque and leaves the Sunnah prayers to pray with the Imam, or does it include a woman who prays at home and leaves the pre-prayer Sunnahs upon hearing the Iqamah?
• Is it better to pray in a distant mosque with a large congregation, or in a nearby mosque where there are only a few worshippers, and sometimes one prays alone?
• Is a man's prayer with his wife in congregation considered sufficient in lieu of prayer in the mosque, and is it better to pray with her at home when there is no nearby mosque, or to pray in another congregation?
• Is it true that whoever prays forty prayers in the Prophet's Mosque will be granted immunity from hypocrisy?
• Is it permissible to pray in mosques where innovations (bidʻah) are widespread, or is it better to pray at home?
• Does my inability to wake up for Dhuhr and Asr prayers in the mosque, despite setting alarms, indicate a weakness in faith, and what is the solution?
• What is the ruling on a second congregational prayer during the Imam's sermon for Salatul-Istisqa (prayer for rain), and what should they have done?
• Must I pray Fajr immediately upon waking up, or is it permissible to delay it slightly to relieve myself and shake off sleepiness?
• Is it better to perform the Ishā prayer in the mosque or at home, given the presence of a young daughter who might not be well-behaved during the prayer and could cause disturbance?
• Is it true that whoever prays alone has two angels praying behind him?
• Is it permissible to pray Fajr in congregation after its time has expired for someone who missed it due to sleep or forgetfulness, and is it better to pray it individually or in congregation in this case?
• Is it permissible, Islamically, to delay one's arrival at the mosque for Fajr and Isha prayers until the middle or end of the first unit (rak'ah) of prayer, in order to avoid the fatigue caused by the imam's prolonged recitation, knowing that one is able to stand for the entire first unit if one were to attend at the opening takbir (takbirat al-ihram)? And is one sinful for intentionally doing so?
• What is the ruling on a father preventing his son from going to Fajr prayer in the mosque due to safety concerns, and what is the correct course of action regarding that?
• Is it obligatory to go to another mosque to pray in congregation if the congregational prayer was missed in the first mosque due to negligence, or due to thinking it was still ongoing and then realizing it had been missed?
• Why have disagreements abounded in religion concerning matters such as congregational prayer in the mosque and the length of the beard, hindering the enjoining of good and forbidding of evil? And why did Allah not reveal definitive texts on these matters, leaving room for disagreement which the questioner sees not as a mercy but rather as leading to factions?
• 1. Is the ruling on congregational prayer for recent adults different from its ruling for older adults? 2. Is obedience to one's mother obligatory in leaving Fajr prayer in congregation due to fear of thieves and crimes, even without a specific danger? 3. Is one who misses congregational prayer without an excuse rewarded for a good deed performed at the time of congregational prayer?
• Is the congregational prayer of women valid with the mosque if the school where they pray is connected to the mosque by a door leading to the mosque's courtyard, and some of the female worshipers can see the male worshipers in the courtyard through a window, knowing that the window may sometimes be closed? And does the distance between those praying in the courtyard and the female worshipers in the school, or the presence of empty spaces in the mosque and its rooms, affect the validity of their prayer?
• Is it permissible for a worshipper who joined the congregational prayer, having missed a part of it, to rely on the person beside him to determine what he missed, even deliberately prolonging his prayer while waiting for him, and not perform the prostrations of forgetfulness (sujood as-sahw) after completing the prayer?
• Is it obligatory to comply with the mosque's imam's request not to lead people in prayer, or is it permissible to lead the prayer in his absence, even if the questioner is the best reciter of the Qur'an?
• What is the ruling on missing congregational prayers when taking one's sister to her classes out of concern for her, or when driving or walking when the time for prayer is due? Are these valid reasons that permit missing the congregation or not?