Is it Islamically permissible for the current owner of an apartment to be asked to pay for previous maintenance costs that the former occupant did not pay?

The owners' association was remiss in demanding its rights from the previous owner, and thus must bear the consequences of its negligence. It is not permissible for them to demand anything from you that was established as a debt owed by someone else, and with which you have no connection. The fundamental principle is that individuals are free from debts unless there is proof to the contrary. This is also supported by the Almighty's saying: (And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another).