What is the ruling on eating food that was purchased at the time of the Friday prayer, when the purchaser is obligated to attend the Friday prayer?

Scholars have agreed on the prohibition of trading through buying and selling after the second call to prayer for the Friday prayer, based on the Almighty’s saying: ﴿O YOU WHO HAVE BELIEVED, WHEN THE CALL TO PRAYER IS PROCLAIMED ON THE DAY OF JUMU’AH, THEN HASTEN TO THE REMEMBRANCE OF ALLAH AND LEAVE TRADE. THAT IS BETTER FOR YOU, IF YOU ONLY KNEW.﴾ However, they differed on the validity of the sale after this call: The Hanafis and Shafi’is held that the sale is valid, though its perpetrator is sinful. In contrast, the Malikis and Hanbalis held that the contract is void and ownership of the commodity is invalid.

As for the benefit of what was purchased by someone other than the buyer, it is permissible, because the prohibition relates solely to the contracting party and does not apply to whoever received this food through a permissible means, such as a gift or feeding children. This is supported by what was narrated from Ibn Mas’ud: "A man came to him and said: 'I have a neighbor who consumes Riba, and he constantly invites me.' He said: 'Its benefit is for you, and its sin is upon him.'" Sheikh Ibn 'Uthaymeen, may Allah have mercy on him, was asked about eating from a father's unlawful wealth. He replied that if the wealth itself is unlawful, it is not permissible to eat from it. However, if it is from unlawful earnings like Riba or fraud, then eating from it is permissible, and the sin is upon the father, citing the Prophet's (peace be upon him) eating from the wealth of the Jews, who were known for consuming Riba.