Is there disagreement regarding matters of creed ( مسائل عقدية ) and is ijtihad permissible in them, given the اختلاف الصحابة (disagreement among the Companions) concerning the Prophet's ﷺ vision of his Lord, such as the affirming view of Ibn Abbas and the denying view of Aisha, and is this statement correct, and how should they be refuted?

Among matters of creed, some allow for disagreement, which are few and considered branches of creed, while others do not allow for disagreement, which is the fundamental principle. This depends on the clarity or obscurity of the evidence for these matters. Thus, not all matters of creed necessarily require certainty. It is important to differentiate between matters of creed in which there is no disagreement and those in which disagreement is permissible. Disagreement is permissible in scholarly and practical matters where there is no explicit evidence from the Qur'an, Sunnah, or a verified consensus, or where there is an authentic but not explicit text, or where there is an explicit text whose authenticity is disputed or which has strong opposition. Legitimate and acceptable disagreement comes only from people of knowledge and religion. Furthermore, disagreement in minute scholarly details is forgiven for the Ummah.