How does one make up for missed prayers if they have begun praying but do not know their number? Should they make up one obligatory prayer with each obligatory prayer and omit the supererogatory ones, or should they pray the obligatory and supererogatory prayers and perform many voluntary ones?

Scholars differed regarding the ruling on intentionally missed prayers. The majority of scholars and the Four Imams are of the view that it is obligatory to make them up, and that they are like forgotten prayers. Some Shafi'i scholars, many Hanbali scholars, Ibn Hazm, and a group of the Salaf are of the view that they are not to be made up, nor are they valid or accepted. Those who mandate making them up believe that the worshiper must make up all missed prayers if he knows their number. Otherwise, he should strive to estimate what he missed until he clears his conscience. He should occupy his time with making up prayers and not perform supererogatory prayers except for his nightly Witr and the Fajr (dawn) prayer of his day. As for those who say that they are not to be made up, they said: He must repent and perform many acts of obedience, supererogatory prayers, and good deeds, hoping that this might expiate his sin.