How is a latecomer to the prayer to catch up on it in all its situations?

For the latecomer (masbuq), there are two scenarios:

The first: That he catches the first rak'ah with the Imam, so he says the taslim with him, because he has missed nothing.

The second: That he misses one or more rak'ahs, in which case he completes his prayer after the Imam’s taslim.

If he misses one rak'ah, he performs one rak'ah, recites the tashahhud, and says the taslim.

If he misses two rak'ahs, he performs them with a single tashahhud at the end of them and says the taslim, except in Maghrib prayer: he performs one rak'ah, recites the tashahhud, then stands and performs a second rak'ah, recites the tashahhud, and says the taslim.

If he misses three rak'ahs in Maghrib prayer, he prays Maghrib as if he were praying alone.

If he misses three rak'ahs in a four-rak'ah prayer, he performs one rak'ah and recites the tashahhud, then stands and prays two rak'ahs and recites the tashahhud at the end of them.

The matter differs if the prayer of the congregant is fewer rak'ahs than the Imam's prayer, in which case the latecomer prays the number of rak'ahs of his own prayer.