What is the ruling on marriage under duress?

It is permissible for a father to compel his virgin, underage daughter to marry. However, it is not permissible to compel a virgin who has reached puberty or a previously married woman (thayyib) to marry someone she does not desire, and she has the option to annul the marriage. Similarly, a man cannot be compelled to marry someone he dislikes, and if he is coerced and accepts unwillingly, the contract is void. The reasons for forced marriages stem from people's deviation from the divine methodology and their ignorance of the rulings of Islamic law. Its outcomes are often failure due to not being built upon affection and mercy. Islam has legislated mutual consent in marriage to ensure its success, such as encouraging engagement and the permissible viewing between the two parties, due to its effect in achieving familiarity and and affection.