What is the ruling on benefiting from the rental income of a commercial shop in a non-Islamic country, if the tenants sell perfumes and cosmetics that may be used for adornment (tabarruj) and immodest display (sufur), knowing that the mother, who owns the shop, does not care about Sharia matters, and is this money considered unlawful for the son who lives off it?

First: It is not permissible to sell items that can be used for both lawful and unlawful purposes to someone known or believed to intend to use them for unlawful purposes. The default, however, is permissibility if the buyer's intention is unknown.

Second: When renting out a shop for selling permissible goods and others that can be used for both lawful and unlawful purposes, the predominant use should be considered. If the predominant use is for unlawful purposes, then renting is prohibited; otherwise, it is permissible.

Third: There is no objection to selling alcoholic perfumes, as there is no certainty of the presence of intoxicating alcohol in them or of its intoxicating effect remaining.

Fourth: One should treat their mother with kindness, invite her to prayer, and teach her the rulings of Islam. If discussing the shop will cause her aversion, then that should be avoided, and focus should be placed on more important matters. There is no objection to benefiting from her money, even if renting the shop were prohibited, because the money comes through a permissible gift.