How can one learn the virtue of patience in striving against the self to attain good and overcome haste, especially when rushing for results in the pursuit of knowledge and lacking steadfastness in it?

The way to learn patience is by seeking Allah's help, burdening the self with it, and training it to abandon haste. It is stated in the authentic Hadith: "And whoever seeks to be patient, Allah will make him patient." This means one seeks Allah's grace for patience, commands oneself to be patient, and strives to endure, and then Allah will make patience easy for him. Among the things that help with patience in seeking knowledge are having a sincere intention, remembering the reward of the student of knowledge, accompanying diligent righteous companions, and staying away from lazy and discouraging company.