Is everything that occurs in the universe by the will of Allah Almighty, and if so, how can things that Allah dislikes occur in His dominion and by His will?
The will of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, is divided into two parts: a universal, predetermined will (iradah kawniyyah qadariyyah), which is synonymous with His volition (mashiyyah) and pertains to everything that occurs in the universe, whether it is beloved to Allah or not. Nothing falls outside of it. And a legislative, religious will (iradah shar’iyyah diniyyah), which is specific to what Allah loves and is pleased with, regarding actions and sayings. The two wills differ in that the universal will must inevitably occur and may be intended for something else, whereas the legislative will does not necessarily occur and is intended for its own sake. The two wills converge in the case of the obedient person, while the universal will stands alone in the case of the disobedient person, and the legislative will stands alone in the case of one who has not fulfilled Allah's commands. All of Allah's actions are good, wise, and just.
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- 1914
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