What is the ruling on reading or downloading religious books published online without knowing whether their authors have authorized their free publication? And what about the books available in Al-Maktaba Al-Shamilah?

Most often, copyrights are reserved, and the widespread availability of books on the internet does not imply permission from their owners. Therefore, one must ensure permission by inquiring and researching. Some scholars have permitted copying copyrighted materials for personal benefit only, provided that this is not a means of earning money. Al-Maktabah Al-Shamilah (The Comprehensive Library) is free, and to ascertain whether the owners of the books have granted permission for their publication, one can contact the library administration.