Is it obligatory to make up missed prayers if the questioner experiences dryness (jufūf) as a sign of purity, and the brownish or yellowish discharge appears a day or half a day after the dryness? Is it also obligatory to make up prayers for which the woman experienced menstruation after their time had begun, without remembering their exact number? Is it permissible to pray standing for current prayers and sitting for missed ones? And what is the required duration of dryness to confirm purity?

Firstly, the sign of purity from menstruation, according to the majority of jurists, is dryness, contrary to what is explicitly stated by Imam Malik for those who see the white discharge; for them, purity is indicated by its sight. There are other opinions that combine both signs.

Secondly, whenever dryness occurs, even for an hour, it is considered purity. If bleeding returns, it is considered intermittent menstruation. If the dryness occurs at the end of the accustomed period, it signifies the woman's purity.

Thirdly, whoever acts upon a valid opinion among the sayings of the Imams regarding the issue of purity is not at fault, nor is she required to make up (the prayers). Similarly, whoever interprets this out of ignorance is not required to make up (the prayers); based on the statement of Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah: "And the correct view in all these matters is that repetition is not obligatory."

Fourthly, regarding a woman who menstruated after the time for prayer began but did not pray, jurists differed on whether she is required to make up that prayer. Some obligated making it up if she caught the time equivalent to the takbirat al-ihram (opening invocation). Some stipulated catching a time sufficient to perform the prayer. Some obligated making it up if there was not enough time left to perform the prayer. And some did not obligate her to make it up at all, which is the view of the Hanafis, a narration in the Maliki school, and Ibn Hazm. Making up the prayer in this case is more cautious.