What are the most important characteristics of the Salafi and Ash'ari creeds, and what are the most prominent points of difference between them?

The fundamental tenets of the Ash'aris that contravene the methodology of the Salaf were previously mentioned in Fatwa no. 52076. It is impractical to detail this within the scope of a fatwa. The inquirer can refer to specialized resources such as: "Al-Firaq al-Kalamiyyah" by Dr. Nasser al-Aql, "Mawqif Ibn Taymiyyah min al-Asha'irah" by Dr. Abd al-Rahman al-Mahmoud, "Manhaj Ahl al-Sunnah wal Jama'ah wa Manhaj al-Asha'irah fi Tawhidillah" by Dr. Khalid bin Abd al-Latif, "Al-Asha'irah fi Mizan Ahl al-Sunnah" by Sheikh Faisal al-Jasim, and among the concise studies: "Manhaj al-Asha'irah fi al-Aqidah" by Dr. Safar al-Hawali.