What are the connotations of the names of the Hijri months, and why was each month named as it was?

The naming of the Hijri months came about for different reasons. Muharram was named so to emphasize its sacredness. Safar was named due to the emptiness of homes as their occupants left. Rabi' al-Awwal and al-Thani were named because people would settle in them. Jumada al-Ula and al-Akhira were named due to water freezing in them. Rajab comes from "tarjeeb," meaning glorification. Sha'ban was named because tribes would disperse in it. Ramadan is derived from "ramdha," referring to intense heat. Shawwal comes from the camels raising their tails ("shawlān"). Dhu al-Qi'dah was named because people would refrain from fighting in it ("qu'ood"). Dhu al-Hijjah was named because they would perform Hajj in it. As for the names of the days, they are Ahad (Sunday), Ithnayn (Monday), Thulatha' (Tuesday), Arbi'a' (Wednesday), Khamis (Thursday), Jum'ah (Friday), and Sabt (Saturday), which was named because the counting ends with it. The Arabs also had old names for the days, such as: Awwal, Ahwan, Jabbar, Dabbar, Mu'nis, al-Arubah, and Shiyar.