How can one perform the prostration of forgetfulness (sujud al-sahw) outside of prayer?

The prostration of forgetfulness (Sujud Al-Sahw) was legislated to rectify deficiencies in the Sunan (plural of Sunnah, referring to recommended acts) of prayer and what falls under their حكم (ruling/category). It is not caused by anything outside of the prayer. Sujud Al-Sahw can be performed either before the salutation (taslim) or after it, according to the differing opinions of the scholars.