Is there a book that compiles all the legitimate excuses, obligations, and prohibitions to understand the religion in detail and avoid falling into hardship and embarrassment?

No single book can encompass all the details of the religion. A student of knowledge should not limit himself to one book, but rather he must associate with righteous scholars and study books of creed, jurisprudence, legal theory, jurisprudential maxims, and the higher objectives of Islamic law, in addition to books of Tafsir and commentaries on Hadith.