Is charity sufficient to erase the sin of disobedience and avoid God's punishment, given a sincere intention to repent and not return to the sin?

First, one must repent to Allah. If repentance is sincere and true, then giving charity and performing other good deeds do not substitute for fulfilling the conditions of repentance. Although good and capable of averting Allah's wrath and removing the trace of sin, as Allah the Almighty says: {Indeed, good deeds do remove evil deeds} [Hud:114], and as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Charity extinguishes sin as water extinguishes fire," and "Acts of kindness protect against evil fates, and secret charity extinguishes the wrath of the Lord."