How are we to understand the errors of the prophets mentioned in the Quran, such as "And Adam disobeyed his Lord and erred," and Moses' killing of the man, and "He frowned and turned away" concerning the Prophet, given that they are infallible?

The Muslim community has agreed that the Messengers are infallible in conveying the message and in avoiding major sins. As for minor sins, the majority of scholars hold that they are not infallible from them, and if such sins occur, they are not upheld, and the proof for this is: - Allah's statement concerning Adam: "And Adam disobeyed his Lord and erred. Then his Lord chose him, and turned to him in forgiveness, and guided [him]." (Taha: 121-122). - Allah's statement concerning Moses: "He said, 'My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, so forgive me,' and He forgave him. Indeed, He is the Forgiving, the Merciful." (Al-Qasas: 16). - Allah's statement concerning David: "So he asked forgiveness of his Lord and fell down bowing [in prostration] and turned [to Him in repentance]. So We forgave him that, and indeed, for him with Us is nearness and a good return." (Sad: 24-25). - Allah's admonishment of our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in the Quran, such as: "O Prophet, why do you prohibit that which Allah has made lawful for you, seeking to please your wives? And Allah is Forgiving, Merciful." (At-Tahrim: 1).

Some people argue for the infallibility of Prophets from minor sins based on two misconceptions: 1. That the command to follow the Messengers and emulate them necessitates that everything emanating from them is a subject for emulation. If a sin were to occur from them, there would be a contradiction between the command to follow it and the prohibition of it. This misconception would be valid if the sin were hidden, but Allah alerts His Messengers and clarifies their transgression to them and grants them success in repentance. 2. That sins contradict perfection. This is true if they are not accompanied by repentance, for repentance forgives the sin and does not contradict perfection. The Prophets hasten to repentance and seeking forgiveness, so after repentance, they are more perfect than before it.